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Create a most societies, of course Linux is an unknown foreign object. More specifically, for a romp in the world of computers, said Linux is just to give the impression of trying alternative operating systems displace Microsoft's dominance in the information technology arena. The following chapter tries to give a general picture about Linux, and tried to invite you to learn more from the general public. Or at least that long stretch of understanding has been described less precisely in the minds of some people. If you feel sick because too often to read introduction to Linux, please go to Part II, Installing Linux.

What is Linux?

Linux is a free open source programs licensed under the GNU, 32-64 bit operating system, which is a derivative of Unix and can be run on a variety of hardware platforms ranging from Intel (x86), to the RISC processor. Linux as an open source program
One free, which makes Linux-known is because it is free. With the GNU (Gnu Not Unix) You can obtain a program, complete with source code (source code). Not only that, you are granted the right to copy as much as you want, or even change the code that all legal sumbernya.Dan under license. Although free, GNU license allows a party seeking to attract the charge for copying and sending the program. Full of the GNU license, can you read in Appendix III. GNU Translation into Indonesian, while the book is organized is still done.
Note:
Complete literature about GNU can you read in their website that is http://www.gnu.org.
Thus, one can say that you can get Linux without having to pay at all. If you must pay each time to install the software on another computer, with Linux you can install it anywhere without having to pay for a license.
The most important freedom of Linux, especially for programmer and network administrator, is the freedom to derive source code (source code) and the freedom to change it. This has implications for several important things. Safety first, the second dynamic.
If commercial software does not allow you to know sumbenya code then you will never know whether a program you buy from them it is safe or not (often called security by obscurity). Your life at the hands of vendors. And if there was notification of a bug than a commercial software is often already too late. With Linux, you can examine the source code directly, along with other Linux users. The rise of Linux users as a community that is open, making the bug will be quickly known, and as soon as it is also the programmer will fix the program. You yourself also determines the appropriate code in accordance with the basic needs of hardware and other software to be implemented. Like a car, you can modify at will, even though the engine, to obtain the desired shape.
Disclosure of the source code also allows the operating system is growing rapidly. If a program with a closed system and only developed by a particular vendor, at most about one thousand to five thousand people. While Linux, with open source code, developed by volunteers around the world. Known bugs faster and penambalnya program (patch) more quickly available. Approach to the development of this operating system called Bazaar. Conversely Chatedraal system is very closed and only focus on just one or two developers.
In addition, Linux provides a free programming language, complete with a compiler, and program assistants. Some of them are:
• ADA
• BASIC
• C
• C + +
• Expect
• FORTRAN
• GTK to make GUI application on Linux
• PASCAL
• Python
• Shell Scripts
• TCL
• Perl (Practical Extraction and Report The Language), is often used to create CGI scripts on the web.
Linux as a UNIX clone
Current license is held by the Linux kernel was first author, Linus Torvalds. To trace origins back to 1991. In Suoen Tasavalta, the Republic of Finland, a student named Linus Torvalds attending in Unix and C language At that Torvalds uses a Unix-based operating system called Minix Mini. He felt that Minix has a lot of weaknesses, and he believes able to make better than that. At age 23, he began tinkering with Minix kernel and run it on Intel x86 machines. In October 1991, Torvalds and publicize the new system has been stable relative to the newsgroup. He offered to publish the source code and invites other developers to develop them together. Since then, Linux evolved, and changed the computing world faces today.
Some noteworthy features of Linux which includes:
• Multi-tasking and support 32-bit; capable of running several commands simultaneously, and by using shielded model (protected mode) from the Intel 80 836 and above, Linux is an operating system 32 bits.
• Multi-user and Multi-session; Linux can serve multiple users simultaneously logged. File system itself has tight security, and can be modified for optimal file access to only certain users or groups. - Most Linux written in C language
• Java Support: if compiled on kernel level, Linux can run a Java Applet as an application.
• Virtual Memory. Linux uses a portion of your hard drive and treat it as a memory, thus increasing your actual memory.
• Linux offers a hierarchical file system, with a few main folders that have been standardized (File System Standard / FSSTND)
• Graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI) which is used Linux is the X Window system or X from MIT.
Linux Documentation
Linux has a very comprehensive documentation to support any given program. Almost all of the distribution always provides instructions on how to install, how to operate them. This help file is often referred to as HOW-TO. Suppose you want to find out how to combine Linux with Windows NT in a single machine, you can know the information in
Linux-WindowsNT-MINI-HOWTO, or Linux-NTLoader-MINI-HOWTO. If you have installed Linux, this document is usually located in the directory / usr / doc
Note:
Mini-HOWTO is a kind of HOWTO document that is shorter. Usually contains instructions for operating the things directly, without a detailed discussion. Good HOWTO or mini-HOWTO can be found in / usr / doc (which by default will be installed when you install Linux)
Along with the rapid growth of Linux, these documents are also treated well by the parties, non-profit dedicated to working with the name of The Linux Documentation Project (LDP). Recent development of the LDP was able to see in http://www.linuxdoc.org. For penejemahan project documentation into Indonesian, you can see in http://ldp.linux.or.id.

Tux as a logo
There are interesting stories that cause Torvalds uses the logo of the penguin as the Linux operating system. At that Torvalds was walking the street with Andrew Tridgell (Authored Sambatypeset @ protect @ @ footnote SF @ gobble @ opt Samba is a program that allows Unix machines (including Linux) to communicate with Windows in a network. A fairly detailed discussion about Samba you can find in chapter IV)) disebuah park. Torvalds suddenly pegged penguins, and since then he has a fever for days and days. He thought, this character suitable to represent Linux. He wanted the wearer becomes infatuated fever alias to use and messing work on Linux. And apparently, what he imagined to become a reality. Almost every user when he first became acquainted with Linux becomes difficult to sleep, and spend many hours in front of the computer to play around with Linux.
Visualization logo competed to the public via a discussion on the Linux Kernel mailing list. ALAN COX originators are, and the logo chosen are named Tux, created by Larry Ewing (http://www.isc.tamu.edu/lewing/linux).
Figure 1 Tux, the Linux penguin logo
Note:
Torvalds on Linux logo perspective you can read in http://www.linux.org/info/penguin.html. Visualization of the logo may be seen at http://www.solluna.org/higgins/linuxlogo/linux.html.
Linux Capability
As a standalone PC, or a stand-alone personal computer, you'll find bring the Linux operating system is reliable. No more virus problems, hangs amid the street, or reboot a dozen times. Especially if your computer is connected to the Internet, Linux promised adequate security. Some programs for the everyday applications that already run on Linux include the following:
• Case Database Program, Codebase, DBMS, Informix, LEAP, PostgreSQL, MySQL.
• Star Business Program Office, Apllixware, KOffice, Xspreadsheet, Abiword, WordPerfect 8, TEX.
• Applications Graphics Blender, Gimp, ME10, Megahedron, OCRShop, PostShop, ScanShip, Sketch, VariCAD
• Network Application SAINT, Nmap, MRTG, Tripwire, SSH (Secure Shell), VisualRoute, Squid
In Linux, all programs (which are under GNU license) you can get free and legal to download from the internet. Almost every day new programs popping up that was developed by volunteers and non profit organizations worldwide. Some popular sites that provide information on new programs in Linux among http://www.freshmeat.net, http://www.linuxberg.com, http://linux.davecentral.com.
Most programs in Linux are relatively small, particularly those based console (non GUI). All you need do is pick it up from a site (download) and install on your computer.
Note:
Map of Linux application development is also treated well by Jeff Kopmaniz, which is then taken over by Lars WIRZENIUS. Linux Software Map (LSM) presents a comprehensive list, accompanied by commentary and author. Before you download / install the program, it is better if the preview REVIEWnya, in http://www.execpc.com/lsm/LSM. Courses listed here are updated periodically. File also you can get in ftp://ftp.execpc.com/pub/lsm/lsm-current.gz
Besides powerful as personal computers, Linux offers optimal performance to be used as a server. Some application servers that are always included in almost every distribution includes:
• Web Server (httpd)
• FTP Server (ftpd)
• Mail Server (smtp, pop 3, LDAP, IMAP)
• Name Server
• standard Daemon (telnetd, fingerd, identd, syslogd etc)
• DHCP Server
In addition, as standard protocols in communication network platforms, has been integrated at the kernel level, among them:
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Gopher Protocol
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
• Serial Line Internet Protocol (PLIP)
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Telnet Protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP)
Linux Distributions
Currently many outstanding Linux distribution whose name is relatively well known for computer users. RedHat, SuSE, Mandrake, Slackware, and Debian are some of the major distributions that used in Indonesia. In principle, Linux is one, namely the kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and friends.
Which distinguishes between distributions typically between about:
1. Installation
Each method of distribution and its own interface for installation. Even in some distributions, have started using a graphical interface to guide the installation process.
Figure 2 Installation of RedHat 2.6 Graphics
Note:
Some well-known distribution that has begun to use the graphical mode for the installation including RedHat, Caldera Open Linux, Corel Linux, WinLinux.
2. Applications included
Programs on Linux (or often referred to as a package) a lot of numbers today. And each distribution, the packages provide different alternatives in addition to the standard package which can be found in almost every distribution.
3. Auxiliary program
Almost in every distribution has a program that allows the user aids. Eg RedHat distribution, include programrpm (RedHat Package Manager) that allows users to install and remove the program binary. Includes SuSE YaST (Yet Another Setup Tool) for program management and systems danSaX (SuSE advanced X-Configuration) for help installing the X Window System. Slackware packages include pkgtool to install and remove programs, while Debian dpkg to include the same function. But the longer the use of Linux, in the end will feel the same between each distribution.
Note:
Indonesian-language review of each distribution can be found at
http://linindo.cakraweb.org
Summary
In this chapter you've read some new capabilities offered by Linux. By reading the predictions in the future, most likely Linux will gain enough market dominant operating system for the class. It is healthy that the current IT climate is dominated by one product. Lots of articles discussing about the use of Linux as a substitute for existing operating systems. In literature you can listen to some interesting articles about it
• http://adhi.linux-smg.or.id/unix-vs-nt.html; comprehensive article that discusses the comparison between the NT to Unix. English version can be read at http://www.unix-vs-nt.org/kirch
• http://jakarta.linux.or.id/sumber_linux/artikel/metode.htm; interesting study Indonesian language, on operating system development method of paradoxical: Cathedral vs. Bazaar.
• http://nakula.rvs.uni-biefeld.de/made/artikel/abad21; best platform of the 21st century, an interesting article about the development and prediction of the field of IT.
Installing Linux
This chapter focuses on the installation of three pieces of fruit distribution, ie, Slackware, SuSE and RedHat. If you have any other distribution, the principle of more or less the same for installation are:
• Initialize the Kernel to the computer, and the introduction of hardware (usually on a diskette boot and root, or run directly from CD-ROM through loadlin).
• Creating a Linux partition, where the program will be saved, as well as making the swap. Swap is part of the hard disk used as virtual memory.
• Determining the location of Linux source files. This can be a source file CD-ROM, another computer in a network, even via direct ftp.
• The selection of packages installed
• Installation and basic configuration for the system to be able to walk.